TP4056 Battery Charging Module Circuit Diagram With Wiring

Discover the TP4056 Battery Charging Module circuit diagram and wiring details. Download comprehensive resources to enhance your electronics projects.

The TP4056 is a linear Lithium-Ion battery charger IC designed for single-cell lithium-ion or lithium-polymer batteries. Its simplicity, affordability, and efficiency make it a popular choice for DIY electronics and consumer applications. This charging circuit integrates over-voltage, over-current, and thermal protection to ensure safe charging.

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Circuit Components and Explanation

1. USB Connector (Input Section):

• Component: USB1 (Micro USB connector)
  • Pins: MTN1, MTN2, MTN3, MTN4, MTN5.
  • Purpose: Provides a standard USB input voltage of 5V for powering the circuit.
  • Connections:
    • Pin 1 (VCC): Connected to the input voltage (5V).
    • Pin 5 (GND): Connected to ground.

2. Capacitor (C3):

• Value: 100 nF (0.1 µF).
• Purpose: Filters noise and stabilizes the input voltage.
• Connection: Connected across the input terminals to maintain a steady voltage supply.

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3. TP4056 IC (U1)

Pinout and Functions:

1. PROG (Pin 2):

   • Purpose: Used to set the charging current with an external resistor (R3).
   • Connection: Resistor R3 (1.2 kΩ) is connected to the ground, determining the charging current as$$I_{CHG} = \frac{1000}{R3} \, \text{(in Amps)}$$ For 1.2 kΩ, the charging current is approximately 833 mA.

2. TEMP (Pin 1):

   • Purpose: Monitors temperature for safety. If unused, it is connected to the ground.

3. CHRG (Pin 7):

   • Purpose: Open-drain pin to indicate charging status.
   • Connection: Connected to a red LED (LED2) via R2 (1 kΩ). When charging, the LED turns ON.

4. STDBY (Pin 6):

   • Purpose: Indicates standby or charging complete.
   • Connection: Connected to a green LED (LED1) via R1 (1 kΩ). Turns ON when charging is complete.

5. VCC (Pin 4):

   • Purpose: Input power pin for the IC.
   • Connection: Connected to the positive input voltage (5V).

6. BAT (Pin 5):

   • Purpose: Battery output pin for charging the lithium battery.
   • Connection: Connected to the battery terminal via the DW01A protection IC.

7. GND (Pin 3):

   • Purpose: Ground connection for the IC.
   • Connection: Connected to the ground plane of the circuit.

8. CE (Chip Enable, Pin 8):

   • Purpose: Enables or disables charging.
   • Connection: Internally connected to VCC to enable the charger.

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4. DW01A Battery Protection IC (U2)

Pinout and Functions:

1. OD (Pin 1):

   • Purpose: Over-discharge detection output.
   • Connection: Connected to the gate of MOSFET Q1 for controlling discharge.

2. CS (Pin 2):

   • Purpose: The current sense pin monitors the charge/discharge current.
   • Connection: Connected across resistor R5 (100Ω).

3. OC (Pin 3):

   • Purpose: Overcharge detection output.
   • Connection: Connected to the gate of MOSFET Q1 to stop overcharging.

4. VCC (Pin 4):

   • Purpose: Supply voltage input.
   • Connection: Connected to the BAT pin of TP4056.

5. TD (Pin 6):

   • Purpose: Time delay for overcharge/over-discharge detection.
   • Connection: Internally set.

6. GND (Pin 5):

   • Purpose: Ground connection.
   • Connection: Connected to the ground plane.

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5. MOSFET (Q1, FS8205):

• Type: Dual N-Channel MOSFET.
• Purpose: Controls the charging and discharging of the battery.
• Connection: Operates based on the signals from the DW01A IC.

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6. Capacitors (C1 and C2):

• C1 (10 µF): Filters noise at the battery terminals.
• C2 (10 µF): Stabilizes the battery output voltage.

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7. Resistors (R1, R2, R3, R4, R5):

• R1 and R2 (1 kΩ): Current-limiting resistors for the green and red LEDs, respectively.
• R3 (1.2 kΩ): Sets the charging current for the TP4056.
• R4 (1 kΩ): Pull-up resistor for DW01A signals.
• R5 (100Ω): Current sense resistor for over-current detection.

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Working Principle

1. Input Power Supply:

   • The input voltage (5V) is provided through a micro-USB connector. Capacitor C3 filters the input to ensure smooth operation.

2. Charging Current Setting:

   • The charging current is determined by resistor R3 connected to the PROG pin of the TP4056. For a 1.2 kΩ resistor, the charging current is approximately 833 mA.

3. LED Indicators:

   • The red LED (LED2) turns ON when charging starts. The green LED (LED1) turns ON when charging is complete or the module is on standby.

4. Battery Protection:

   • The DW01A IC monitors the battery for overcharge, over-discharge, and overcurrent conditions. It sends control signals to the FS8205 MOSFET, enabling or disabling the charging and discharging pathways.

5. Battery Charging:

   • The TP4056 regulates the charging voltage and current to safely charge the lithium-ion battery. The BAT pin outputs the required charging voltage (4.2V).

6. Output Voltage:

• The charged battery provides an output through the OUT+ and OUT- terminals. Capacitors C1 and C2 stabilize the output voltage.

Circuit Connection And Wiring:

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Advantages of TP4056 Charging Module

1. Compact Design: Ideal for small electronic projects.
2. Integrated Protection: Prevents overcharging, over-discharging, and overcurrent.
3. Adjustable Charging Current: Supports various charging requirements.
4. Simple Circuit: Easy to implement and widely available.

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Applications

1. Portable Power Banks
2. Lithium Battery Chargers
3. DIY Electronics
4. Wearable Devices
5. Wireless Earbuds Charging Cases